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Cell Mediated vs. Humoral Immunity
- Cell Mediated
o Interaction btw. cells required
o Ex. CD8+ T-cell killing virus infected cell
- Humoral
o “fluids” = humors/blood serum
o Does not require...
Big phenomena- Decidua basasils- where placenta is anchored to endometrial stroma of maternal uterus
- Semiallogeneic cells exist
- Previous studies- Listeria monocytogenes
- Using deciduoma and...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQmaPwP0KRI&NR=1
A study with live rats and cultured cells from rats to see if macrolide antibiotics reduce inflammation in lungs.
Macrolide Antibiotic- inhibits protein synthesis
In Vivo: live male rats
- Removed...
http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/168/5/2356
This is an interesting paper I came across, and thought it could help someone with the maternal paper.
I. T-cell receptor structure
a. Alpha and beta chains:
- actively involved in binding to antigen presented on MHC
- not involved in signal transduction
- Antigen recognition via dimer of alpha and...
I. Activation of T-cells
>vast majority (99.9%) of T-cells ever made are killed in thymusbinding of self
antigens
a) Co-receptors
*strengthen interaction btw T-cell and dendritic cell
*induce...
Here is a quick video of T-cell Activation if anyone needs it: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqjhMHG7J08
Chapter 4: MHC and T-cell Activation
I. A review of role of T-cells in adaptive immunity
a....
Systemic Lupus Erthymatosus
Introduction to the Immune System
The human immune system is a group of mechanisms that helps the body to fight off infections caused by pathogens. The mechanisms of the...
Glomerular expression and elevated serum Bcl-2 and Fas proteins in lupus nephritis: preliminary findings
Introduction:
• Autoimmune disease
• May effect many body parts
• Several different...
Beau Kildow & Sean Penn
Immunology Paper-Cancer Vaccines
March 25, 2008
Cancer Vaccines
The development of vaccines is undoubtedly the most important contribution of immunology to the...
Northern Blot
- Recognizes mRNA
- Swatch of DNA that’s comparative to mRNA for gene interested in, enzyme tag directly attached to DNA
Southern Blot
- Recognizes DNA
- Same process as Northern...
Immunology of Parasites
Parasites’ survival depends on their ability to invade and establish themselves in a suitable host. Without the environment of a host, parasites are unable to grow,...
In class, we talked about how some cancers may be caused by undetected viruses.
This article talks about a different correlation between viruses and cancer. Apparently, there are oncolytic...
Correlations between stress and the Immune System
HPA Axis:
Hypothalmus → Anterior Pituitary → Adrenal Cortex → Cortisol Prodution
CRH ACTH
Cortisol acts as its own negative...
For some (Consider using people, more specific than some) suffering with a genetic disease, the only current treatment option is organ transplant followed by a life of immunosuppressant medication...
Here's a website for the complement system…
http://courses.washington.edu/conj/inflammation/complement.htm
Note from Dx. RR: Nothing incorrect on this website, but it's in much, much less detail...
Confocal microscopy of the light organ crypts in juvenile euprymna scolopes reveals their morphological complexity and dynamic function in symbiosis
Basic info
• Euprymna scolopes is conlonized...
Jak-Stat Pathway in epithelial cells.
INF-gamma, a cytokine released by Th2 cells, binds to Jak receptors on epithelial cells, which phosphorylates a STAT protein. The activated STAT protein then...
Please change this page according to your needs
Here is the link to the article I will be leading the discussion about on Jan 24th.
Fusion Cells-Cancer Vaccines-Kildow
STAT Pathway in Asthma-Moser
Immune Mimicry in Malaria TCTP-Oetken
Background
Vaccine: Artificially introducing pathogen/ pathogen antigens to immune system to trigger memroy response.
-best vaccines based on protein antigens due to T-cell stimulation (T-cells...
Electroporation is the process of introduction something, usually DNA, to a molecule through the process of an electric shock. A couple hundred V shocked is sent through a solution of the cell and...
ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
** A way for looking for small quantities of molecules that involves antibodies.
1. A line of wells that are covered on the bottom with antibodies specific...
EOTAXIN IS SPECIFICALLY CLEAVED BY HOOKWORM METALLOPROTEASES PREVENTTING ITS ACTION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
Brooke Pottorff
Parasite survival in the host
Introduction: immunity of...
Solid organ transplantation and bone marrow transplantation are commonly used as therapeutic options for many human diseases. There are many organ transplantations that have become standard therapy...
Here is a link to the article about the girl whose intestines were sucked out: <http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,340332,00.html>
Here's a page for people to add questions they think SHOULD show up on Exam I. Exam questions should be multiple choice/multiple answer, short answer, or picture & labels. No need to post which...
Space to post questions from the Exam 1 that anyone might have. Hope you find this helpful.
For example: on question 13: why is the classical pathway not the mannose-binding lectin pathway a result...
Potential Exam 2 Questions
1. Which of the following Toll Like Receptors are responsible for the recognition of Bacterial cell envelope features
a. TLR-4
b. TLR-5
c. TLR-3
d. TLR-9
answer: a and...
Q. Give an example of how a virus can avoid interferon effects.
A. The influenza virus covers its dsRNA with a protien, so the dsRNA is not detected (RNases and protein kinases made by interferons...
Background:
Vaccine-introduces immune system to low levels of pathogen antigens to trigger a memory response
- Best vaccines are based off of proteins antigens (best for T-cell recognition)
- To...
I. Phagocytosis Overview:
- engulfment of microbe or large particle
a. Professional Phagocytes
-neutrophils Video of neutrophil phagocytosis
-Dendritic cells
-Macrophages- video of macrophage...
Immunology, February 7, 2008
I. Complement components
Complement Cascade- sequence of events during complement activation
Classical- antibody activation, acquired immunity response
Complement...
So, I thought it would be easier if we posted the final exam questions here instead of on individual papers.
Justin's Paper on Asthma
—Which of the following are characteristics of asthma?
a. A...
Complement Cascade: Ordering Question
Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Tissues: Similarities and Differences
T-Cell & B-Cell comparison, including receptors (sim/diff)
Bacteria vs....
Flow Cytometry measures a variety of parameters of cells within heterogenous populations. It can measure phenotypes, density of cell surface molecules, cell count etc.
Cells that are to be analyzed...
Flow Cytometry Steps
- Mixed population of cells and are looking for a particular cell (ex. CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells, but we want CD4+)
- Anti-CD4+ Ab raised in a rabbit are added to cells
- Spun down...
NOTES FOR DISCUSSION
Background** Basi**s: Try to find a way to kill off (lyse) breast tumor cells
Researcher’s Ideas: Dendritic Cells are cells that present antigens from particular malignant...
These were the papers discussed on January 15.
Germs
Lewis Thomas's view is that people over react…saying that germs are not that bad, and that are immune system is much worse
Vocab
1....
Here is a link to the paper, "Confocal Microscopy of the Light Organ Crypts in Juvenile Euprymna scolopes Reveals Their Morphological Complexity and Dynamic Function in Symbiosis" that Thomas Gates...
If you are allowed to edit pages in this Site, simply click on edit button at the bottom of the page. This will open an editor with a toolbar pallette with options.
To create a link to a new page,...
Endotoxin Removal-Since the TCTP was grown through the reproduction of E.coli, the E.coli needed to be killed in order to retrieve the TCTP, however, this left bits of LPS all over, so they needed...
Outline for immune cells mimicry: P. falcipurum
Intro.
Malaria is a parasitic infection that infects and kills millions of people every year. It is estimated that 1.5 to 2 million children under...
http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/recend.htm
VII. Inflammation overview
a. TLRs and NODs→ phosphorylation cascade leads to phosphorylation of I-kappa-B which degrades releasing Nf-kappa-B
i. Transcription and translation of inflammatory...
Immunology, January 10, 2008.
I. The syllabus!
II. FAQs
a. What is a podcast?
b. What is a wiki? How does it work?
c. What is a “scholarly source?” How do I find such sources?
d. What’s the...
I. Innate vs. Acquired Immunity
Innate- born with; defenses against pathogens in general— conserved across species beyond vertebrates
Acquired- "adaptive"; exposure to particular pathogens leads...
Immunology, January 17, 2008.
I. Immunity and phagocytes
a. Macrophages
http://www.macrophages.com/content/macrophages/images/tissues/ (Site has many links to view real pictures of various...
Immunology, January 24, 2008
I. Lymphoid tissues
a. Primary- tissues where lymphocytes are initially made and where they differentiate
Ex. bone marrow (b-cells) and Thymus (t-cells)
b. Secondary-...
Immunology, January 31, 2008
I. Host-pathogen co-evolution
a. Ewald’s hypothesis: over time pathogens and hosts co-evolve towards a mutualism, in most cases, because:
1. Very virulent pathogens...
On Super Tuesday, we discussed my super paper!
01/05/08
“induction of Humoral and Cell-mediated Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Responses in HIV seronegative volunteers by immunization with...
Induction of Humoral and Cell-mediated Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Responses in HIV Sero-Negative Volunteers by immunization with Recombinant gp 160
By: Jeffrey Bruning
Background Info:...
Evolution of the Acquired Immune System
Jennifer Cardonick, 2008
Immunology/ Dr. Robson
INTRODUCTION
The body is an amazing try to use another word instead of amazing network of interactions within...
Who can join?
All students enrolled in BIOL 331: Immunology at Morningside College for Spring semester 2008 should join this site, since you get graded on it and all.
Join!
So you want to become a...
Justin Moser
Dr. Rachel Robson
Morningside College
March 31, 2008
Immunological Aspects of Asthma
Asthma is an atopic disease that is very common around the world today. It is characterized by...
Sepsis syndrome is a widespread, excessive reaction to infection of what?, bacteria, virus, parasite fungus? in the bloodstream. According to, Morton, et al, sepsis develops in approximately...
Temporin A alone and in combination with Imipenem reduces lethality in a mouse model of Staphylococcal Sepsis
S/S of septicemia include: fever, tachycardia (increased HR), tachypnea (increased RR),...
Kristen Westergaard
Immunology Paper
4/2/08
The immune system plays an important role in the survival of organisms. This system has helped organisms to fight off invading microbes and pathogens for...
This is a good site for overviews of commonly used techniques.
http://lifesciences.asu.edu/resources/mamajis/plasmids/plasmids.html
Here's a great website on the lymphatic system…
http://www.gorhams.dk/html/the_lymphatic_system.html
And here's a picture of a lymph...
Chronic diseases are a serious problem in the U.S., disabling 1 in 10 and claiming the lives of nearly 1.7 million every year. ** REWORD These devastating numbers however have no reason to be this...
I. interferons-cytokines both type 1 and 2 detect viruses→ transcription and translation of other cytokines, inflamm. Mediators(IL-12 and IL- 6)
• A. Type 1 interferons
o i. Interferon-alpha...
Here is a video that shows what mass spectrometry is from Autumn's paper.
bold textThe Mystery of the Immunity at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
By Melissa Campbell and Abbey Bruns
The fetus is a growing organism living inside the maternal body. It depends on its mother...
For subtractive immunization, monocolonal antibodies are produced. In this study they were first injected mice with Mamu-AG periodically for several weeks. This created memory-T-cells against...
MHC class 1 & 2 structure and diversity video
Millie Mc Reynolds
April 3, 2008
Rough Draft
Penicillin Allergy
Unfavorable reactions to penicillin allergy may be characterized as toxic or immunological. Toxic reactions, which are due to precise...
Specific role of mitochondrial electron transport in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum
Background:
• Only codes for 23 componenets of the ETC
• Not a source of ATP but serves critical...
http://www.microbeworld.org/microbes/virus/
http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/gncw.html
Site gives a detailed structure of a gram negative bacteria and then goes on...
Neutropenia is a medical condition in which the neutrophil count circulating in the blood is significantly low. What I've seen most commonly in the hospital is neutropenia associated with cancer...
A cute site,
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/immunity/immune-detail.html
Northern Blot: mRNA identification
-probe=swatch of DNA that is complementary to mRNA for gene we are interested in and enzyme tag is attached directly to DNA
Southern Blot: DNA...
I. Interferons (IFN)
>cytokines
>both type 1 and 2 detect virusestranscription and translation of other
cytokines, inflamm. mediators (IL-12 & IL-6)
>IFN recognition triggers...
I. Toll-like Receptors
a. transmembrane proteins
• 3 domains:
o Intracellular, extracellular and transmembrane
Extracellular domain interacts w/ microbe-specific molecular motifs
...
e. Diseases associated with NODs
> Crohn’s disease
-chronic bowel inflammation
-mutation to NODs—inability of cells to respond to peptidoglycan
>Blau syndrome
-chronic organ...
I. A review of the role of T-cells in adaptive immunity
a. Adaptive vs. innate immunity
• adaptive: allows immune system to recognize microbial chemicals that aren’t shared by man kinds of...
I. Activation of T-cells
>vast majority (99.9%) of T-cells ever made are killed in thymusbinding of self
antigens
a) Co-receptors
*strengthen interaction btw T-cell and dendritic cell
*induce...
Antibodies (4.22)
I. Cell-mediated
a) Cell-mediated
-interaction between cells required
-ex: CD8+ T-cell killing virus-infected cell
b) Humoral
-“fluids”=humorsblood serum
-in the absence of...
I. Classes of antibody = isotypes
-different isotype properties because of different heavy chains
-different Fc regions
a) IgG
-most common isotype of antibody found in the blood
-binds very avidly...
IgM continued…
*T-cell-independent antibody response = B1, marginal zone B-cells spontaneously producing nonspecific antibody
*T-cell-dependent: antibody production induced by T-cell receptor...
I. Immunopathology: Types of hypersensitivity reactions
a) Type I (anaphylactic type)
-IgE against common environmental antigen (harmless)
*allergies, asthma
*Hygiene hypothesis-allergies more...
I. T-cell Review
a) Maturation in Thymus
>people who lack a thymus (di George Syndrome) have almost no ability to make
antibodies against intracellular pathogens and hard time making...
April 22, 2008
I. Cell mediated vs. Humoral Immunity
a. Cell-mediated
*Interactions between cells required
*CD8+ - T-cell killing virus-infected cell
b. Humoral
*”Fluids”= humors (blood...
V. Classes of antibody= isotypes
*Different isotype properties because of different heavy chains and different Fc regions
a. IgG
*Most common isotype found in blood
Binds very avidly to antigens...
April 29, 2008
VI. Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions
a. Type I
*Allergies, Asthma
*IgE against common environmental antigen
Hygiene Hypothesis:
*Allergies are more prevalent in cleaner societies...
February 28, 2008
iii. Lack gene for NADPH oxidase
*Chronic granulomatous (granuloma) infections
=tumor-ish granulocyte growth
*Pus- lots of dead neutrophils and bacteria
Lacked genes for NADPH...
Immunology
1) Phagocytosis Overview
Engulfment of microbe by a cell. Receptors on cell surface
i) Professional phagocytes – cells that are specialized in phagocizing
A. neutrophils, dendritic...
1. Complement Cascade
**Put steps in order
2. Primary and Secondary Tissue
**Similarities and Differences
3. T-cells and B-cells
4. Viruses and Bacterias
5. Kit Snicket
6. Inflammation and...
February 26, 2008
MBL= mannose-binding lectin
= opsonin
Mannose receptor
• Also interacts with mannose on microbe surface
• NOT an opsonin
• Is a protein on macrophage surface
Phagocytosis of...
Notes Test #3
***March 25 Paper
I. Interferons
*Cytokines
*Both type I and II detect viruses -> transcription and translation of other cytokines, inflammatory mediators (IL-12 and IL-6)
a. Type...
Paper Grading Components
1. Not optional
a. Spelling and grammar
i. -0.5 pts/100pts per error
b. Coherent organization (25%)
c. Citation formatting: consistent (10%)
d. NO FIRST PERSON
2....
Ashley Schiebur & Autumn Bartel
Immunology Outline
I. Overview of the Immune System
A. Innate Immune System
B. Acquired Immune System
II. General overview of Autoimmune Diseases
A. Malfunctions...
Check this website out for a good example of PCR:
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/pcr.html
Here is the PCR SONG! If you are not in genetics, this is a real...
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__phagocytosis.html
This video comes from the text book company McGraw Hill and offers a good visual display of the...
In order to obtain polyclonal antibodies
1. Inject a particular antigen into a mouse in which you want the antibodies to that particular antigen.
2. 2 weeks later, extract blood from the mouse and...
Can be found here, in case anyone is interested.
http://www.isiwebofknowledge.com/
The papers that will be asked on the final test are:
Kristen WestergaardVanessa Warzecha and Jeffrey Bruning
Ryan Oetken and Willie Meck Brooke Pottorff
Justin MoserErin Carrow
The librarian showed me this site for looking up research articles. Also, he informed me that if you find and article that looks good, but can't get to it through the online library, see him and he...
RNAi video
Malaria Vaccine
Ryan Oetken and Willie Mech
Bill Gates, the third richest man in the world, is a very intelligent man. He is very knowledgeable (consider replacing the word "very", or just delete...
Kristen Westergaard
Immunology Outline
2/29/08
I. Overview of the two parts of the immune system
a. Innate Immune System
i. Possessed by invertebrates and vertebrates. [19] [26]
ii. General attack...
The following article, by Rachel L. Robson, was published in the University Daily Kansan in 2003.
Share, don't sell, scientific knowledge
Science is about sharing.
That’s been the feeling of...
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Notes on the general synopsis of the article presented by Kristen:
Invertebrates (Drosophila)appear to have some sort of memory in their immune system.It involves the Toll pathway and cellular...
Jak-Stat Pathway in epithelial cells.
INF-gamma, a cytokine released by Th2 cells, binds to Jak receptors on epithelial cells, which phosphorylates a STAT protein. The activated STAT protein then...
I found this article that describes the immune system with many pictures. http://www.avac.org/pdf/primer2/AVH_CH05.pdf
Confocal Microscopy of the Light Organ crypts in Juvenile Euprymna scolopes Reveals Their Morphological Complexity and Dynamic Function in Symbiosis
Thomas Gates-
Euprymna scolopes- in the crypts...
Symbiotic relationship between Euprymna scolopes and Vibrio fischeri
Thomas Gates
For over a decade, the symbiotic relationship of (between) Euprymna scolopes and Vibrio fischeri has been studied...
1. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) *found in macrophages, dendritic cells and some epithelial cells
*13 different TLRs, but all have VERY similar structures = REDUNDANCY
-genes often duplicated as a...
Open-access science journals
BioMed Central Journals
Public Library of Science
American Society for Microbiology Journals search
Pubmed Central search
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly...
Each year, about 500 million people become infected with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and has quickly made its way to the Indian...
Repeated intravaginal inoculation with cell-associated virus results in persistent non-human primates
Background
• Young women most vulnerable to AIDS pandemic
• Worldwide heterosexual route is...
Here are some comical and useful video links
"I can't get no staph infection" comical
http://youtube.com/watch?v=O9JwmafuXf8
"Apoptosis" Graphic video of how the cell undergoes apoptosis when...
Peer review of paper groups
Group 1
Bruns
Campbell
Gates
Oetken
Mech
Kildow
Cardonick
McReynolds
Clancy
Group 2
Carrow
Bruning
Warzecha
Fast
Irwin
Moser
Pottorff
Westergaard
Scheibur
Bartel
On this...
I always find that [http://www.westernblotting.org/protocols%20western%20blot.htm] is a useful source for information on the protocol for the Western Blot. Techniques can also be found using any...
According to Wikipedia, the world largest wiki site:
A Wiki ([ˈwiː.kiː] <wee-kee> or [ˈwɪ.kiː] <wick-ey>) is a type of website that allows users to add, remove, or otherwise edit...
Willie’s Presentation- Specific Role of mitochondrial electron transport in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum
Background- P falciparum mitochondria only
Main Point- test if the acquisition of...
